Cytokine signaling in the differentiation of innate effector cells
نویسندگان
چکیده
Innate effector cells, including innate effector cells of myeloid and lymphoid lineages, are crucial components of various types of immune responses. Bone marrow progenitors differentiate into many subsets of innate effector cells after receiving instructional signals often provided by cytokines. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) have been shown to be essential in the differentiation of various types of innate effector cells. In this review, we focus specifically on the differentiation of innate effector cells, particularly the role of cytokine signaling in the differentiation of innate effector cells.
منابع مشابه
Innate-like effector differentiation of human invariant NKT cells driven by IL-7.
Conventional MHC-restricted T lymphocytes leave thymus with a naive phenotype and require Ag-dependent stimulation coupled to proliferation to acquire effector functions. Invariant (i)NKT cells are a subset of T lymphocytes considered innate because they display an effector memory phenotype independent of TCR stimulation by foreign Ags. We investigated the effector differentiation program follo...
متن کاملP38: The Immunoregulatory Effect of Cyclic Dinucleotides on Human Immune Cells
In multiple sclerosis (MS) beneficial effects have been assigned to the interferon (IFN)-I subclass IFN-ß, making its administration a first-line disease-modifying treatment in MS. IFN-I responses can be induced by cyclic-dinucleotide (CDN) triggered activation of Stimulator-of-interferon-genes (STING) and have essential immunomodulatory effects. A beneficial effect of STING activation on...
متن کاملAdaptive from Innate: Human IFN-γ+CD4+ T Cells Can Arise Directly from CXCL8-Producing Recent Thymic Emigrants in Babies and Adults
We recently demonstrated that the major effector function of neonatal CD4+ T cells is to produce CXCL8, a prototypic cytokine of innate immune cells. In this article, we show that CXCL8 expression, prior to proliferation, is common in newly arising T cells (so-called "recent thymic emigrants") in adults, as well as in babies. This effector potential is acquired in the human thymus, prior to TCR...
متن کاملCutting edge: IL-5 primes Th2 cytokine-producing capacity in eosinophils through a STAT5-dependent mechanism.
Both type-2 CD4(+) Th cells (CD4(+)Th2) and type-2 innate effector cells play critical roles in generating type-2 immunity that can either be protective against parasitic infection or cause tissue damage in allergy and asthma. How innate effector cells acquire the capacity to produce Th2 cytokines is not entirely known. We previously showed that IL-4 induced differentiation of Th2 cytokine-prod...
متن کاملPrimary Murine CD4+ T Cells Fail to Acquire the Ability to Produce Effector Cytokines When Active Ras Is Present during Th1/Th2 Differentiation
Constitutive Ras signaling has been shown to augment IL-2 production, reverse anergy, and functionally replace many aspects of CD28 co-stimulation in CD4+ T cells. These data raise the possibility that introduction of active Ras into primary T cells might result in improved functionality in pathologic situations of T cell dysfunction, such as cancer or chronic viral infection. To test the biolo...
متن کامل